Introduction
Matches are small sticks made of wood or cardboard and coated with chemicals that ignite when friction occurs. They are one of the most commonly used tools for lighting fires. The invention of matches is considered one of the most significant discoveries in human history, as it revolutionized the way people created fire. But when were matches invented in China? Let's find out.
The Earliest Matches
The first matches were called "fire tablets" and were invented in China during the Tang dynasty, around 577 AD. These matches were made by dipping small pieces of pine wood in sulfur and then igniting them by striking them against a rough surface. This method was not very practical as it produced a lot of smoke and had a foul odor.
The Development of Matches in China
During the Song dynasty, around 960 AD, another type of match was invented. These matches were made by filling small bamboo tubes with sulfur and other chemicals, such as potassium nitrate and charcoal. The bamboo tubes were then sealed with wax or clay, and the matches were ignited by pulling a thin strip of wood out of the tube and striking it against a rough surface.
The Introduction of Matches to Europe
The Chinese method of making matches did not reach Europe until the 1600s. In the 1830s, a British chemist named John Walker invented a new type of match that was much safer and easier to use. These matches were made by coating a thin wooden splint with a mixture of potassium chlorate and antimony sulfide. The match was then ignited by striking it against a rough surface.
The Evolution of Matches
After John Walker's invention, matches continued to evolve. In 1855, Swedish chemist Gustaf Erik Pasch invented the safety match, which could only be ignited by striking it against a special surface coated with red phosphorus. This made matches much safer to use, as they could no longer be accidentally ignited.
The Modern Match
Today, matches are made using modern machinery and are much safer and easier to use than their predecessors. They are widely available and are used for a variety of purposes, from lighting candles to starting campfires. The invention of matches in China thousands of years ago has had a lasting impact on human history and continues to be an essential tool in our daily lives.
Conclusion
In conclusion, matches were first invented in China during the Tang dynasty, around 577 AD. The earliest matches were called "fire tablets" and were made by dipping small pieces of pine wood in sulfur. Matches continued to evolve over the years, with the introduction of the safety match by Gustaf Erik Pasch in 1855. Today, matches are widely available and are used for a variety of purposes.